Aspects of evolution and involution in unlocking the ontogenesis of old age

Abstract

Due to the interaction of processes of evolution and involution in gerontogenesis mental aging shows an irregular pattern of progression that manifests itself in both favourable and adverse forms. Critical situations are likely to disrupt adaptation, resulting in reduced levels of social and mental functioning and increased involution. To provide a proper solution to forensic expert evaluation problems it is essential to define levels of mental functioning with due regard for regularities governing the decline in higher mental functions and to identify stages of social maladjustment.