Генно-клеточная терапия – инновационная стратегия лечения заболеваний центральной нервной системы
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Фурса Г.А., Андрецова С.С., Воронова А.Д., Карсунцева Е.К., Шишкина В.С., Чадин А.В., Решетов И.В., Шпорт С.В., Степанова О.В., Чехонин В.П. Генно-клеточная терапия – инновационная стратегия лечения заболеваний центральной нервной системы // Российский психиатрический журнал. 2024. №3. С. 55-66.
В научном обзоре с целью обобщения современного состояния экспериментальной терапии заболеваний центральной нервной системы рассматривается применение такого инновационного подхода, как генно-клеточная терапия. В многочисленных экспериментальных работах и ряде клинических исследований по применению различных типов клеток при травматических повреждениях головного и спинного мозга, а также при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях были получены положительные результаты. Клеточная трансплантация может способствовать регенерации поврежденной нервной ткани, активируя рост и миелинизацию аксонов, а также восстановлению моторных, сенсорных и когнитивных функций. Наиболее перспективными являются обкладочные клетки, полученные из обонятельной выстилки носа, и генно-клеточные препараты на основе трансдуцированных клеток, экспрессирующих нейротрофические факторы. Исследования вирусных векторов, кодирующих нейротрофические факторы, и способов усиления эффективности трансдукции открывают новые возможности для терапии нейродегенеративных и посттравматических заболеваний центральной нервной системы.
Ключевые слова клеточная терапия; центральная нервная система; нейродегенеративные заболевания; повреждения спинного мозга; повреждения головного мозга; генно-клеточная терапия; обкладочные клетки
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